Regular
and irregular verbs
1
Правильные глаголы.
Past
simple и
past participle правильных
глаголов заканчиваются на -ed.
Например:
infinitive
(основная форма):
|
clean
improve paint carry
|
past
simple/
past
participle:
|
cleaned
improved
painted
carried
|
Мы используем причастие
прошедшего времени past
participle
для создания perfect
tenses (have/has/had cleaned)
и всех форм страдательного залога(passive
forms).
Смотрите:
-
I cleaned
my room yesterday. (past
simple)
-
Your English has improved.
(present perfect)
-
The house was dirty. We hadn't cleaned
it for a long time. (past
perfect)
-
This door has just been painted.
(present perfect passive)
-
He was carried
out of the room. (past
simple passive)
Когда
past
simple и
past
participle не
заканчиваются на -ed,
глагол является неправильным.
2
Следующие
глаголы могут быть правильными или неправильными:
infinitive
past
simple /
past
participle
|
infinitive
past
simple
/
past
participle
|
burn
burnt или
burned
dream
dreamt или
dreamed
lean
leant или
leaned
learn
learnt или
learned
|
smell
smelt или
smelled
spell
spelt или
spelled
spill
spilt или
spilled
spoil
spoilt или
spoiled
|
Вы можете сказать:
-
I leant
out of the window. или
I leaned
out of the window.
-
The dinner has been spoilt.
или
The dinner has been spoiled.
В British English неправильная
форма (burnt/learnt и т.д.) более общепринятая.
3
Неправильные
глаголы.
У некоторых неправильных
глаголов все три формы
(infinitive,
past
simple и past
participle)
одинаковые. Например,
hit:
-
Someone hit
me as I came into the room. (past
simple)
-
I've never hit
anyone in my life. (past
participle - present perfect)
-
George was hit
on the head by a stone. (past
participle - passive)
У некоторых неправильных
глаголов форма
past
simple
такая же, как past
participle
(но отличается от
infinitive).
Например,
tell - told:
-
He told
me to come back the next day. (past
simple)
-
Have you told
anyone about your new job?(past
participle - present perfect)
-
I was told
to come back the next day. (past
participle - passive)
Другие же неправильные
глаголы имеют все три формы, отличающиеся друг от друга.
Например,
break - broke - broken:
-
He broke
his arm in a climbing accident.
(past simple)
-
Somebody has broken
the window. (past participle
- present perfect)
-
When was the window broken?
(past participle -
passive)
|